New evidence has emerged indicating that North Korea’s Malligyong-1 satellite, which was launched in November 2023, remains functional and under active control. On February 19, 2024, the satellite executed a deliberate orbital maneuver, raising its lowest point of orbit, known as the perigee. This action was detected by Marco Langbroek, a satellite expert at Delft University of Technology, who analyzed publicly available tracking data from the U.S. Space Force and other open sources.
The maneuver lifted the satellite’s perigee by approximately 1.2 miles, resulting in a more circular orbit at an altitude between 303 and 311 miles above Earth’s surface. Langbroek emphasized that this was not a passive drift but an intentional adjustment requiring an active propulsion system and ground-based commands. “The satellite is alive. It performs orbital maneuvers, which proves it is functional,” Langbroek stated. He noted that while the altitude change was small, it confirmed the satellite’s onboard propulsion and active control capabilities. Such a nearly circular orbit is more stable and advantageous for imaging purposes, likely aimed at extending the satellite’s operational lifetime by counteracting atmospheric drag.
This development contradicts earlier assessments from South Korean officials. Defense Minister Shin Won-sik had previously declared that the satellite was not performing meaningful reconnaissance, showing no signs of active communication or imagery transmission. In a January briefing, Shin stated, “We assess that the satellite is not functioning as a spy platform,” adding that North Korea lacked the technology to operate a military-grade reconnaissance satellite. Langbroek’s findings challenge that view, though no independent organization has detected any signals from Malligyong-1. The satellite has not been heard transmitting data, which could indicate it is operating in a passive mode, storing images for later download, or testing its systems before full activation. The gap between North Korea’s claims of spying on U.S. and South Korean military sites and what outsiders can verify remains wide.
The launch of Malligyong-1 in November 2023 marked North Korea’s third attempt at placing a satellite in orbit, following two failed efforts. The successful launch triggered strong reactions from neighbors. Japan issued a missile attack warning during the launch, South Korea suspended a 2018 military agreement that had reduced border tensions, and the United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting. The United States condemned the launch as a provocation and violation of international law, as North Korea’s satellite program uses ballistic missile technology banned under multiple UN resolutions. The satellite’s apparent success complicates that strategy, demonstrating that North Korea can overcome technical hurdles despite sanctions.
Looking ahead, South Korean Minister Shin has predicted that North Korea will attempt a second satellite launch in the coming months, signaling an accelerated space program. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has prioritized satellite development, aiming for a constellation of reconnaissance satellites to monitor U.S. forces in the region. Langbroek noted that the orbital maneuver suggests North Korea is gaining experience in orbital operations, which could transfer to military applications. A satellite capable of changing its orbit can evade tracking or adjust its coverage area. The United States and South Korea are closely monitoring the satellite’s signals and tracking its movements. For now, Malligyong-1 remains operational but its mission is unclear, representing a step forward for Pyongyang’s space program and a reminder of the regime’s willingness to break international rules to advance its military capabilities.
